The Column of Unas, a quintessential artifact from Egypt's Old Kingdom, dating back to the late Fifth Dynasty (around 2375-2345 BC), is a significant point of study. This column was originally a part of the mortuary temple of the Pharaoh Unas near Cairo, which is now exhibiting signs of deterioration. The column, constructed from greywacke, presents a tangible display of the architectural skills prominent during this period, evident in the precision and knowledge required for its design and installation.
The column design incorporates palmiform elements, modeled to resemble a group of papyrus stalks. Each stalk culminates in a palm capital, a frequently observed feature of Ancient Egyptian architecture represented rebirth and the sun god, Ra. The column's lower segment consists of a wave-like pattern, potentially intending to depict the chaos of primeval waters, a concept relevant to the cosmology of the times.
The column's features include veins and grooves that contribute essential realistic details. Evident tool marks on the surface of the column elaborate the manual labor skill and dedication involved in its creation, linking it to nameless artisans from thousands of years ago.
On this column, inscribed hieroglyphics offer valuable insight into the reign of Unas. These inscriptions, known as the Pyramid Texts, carved into the middle of the stone surface horizontally, were once painted with various colors, though today only their faint remnants survive. Despite this, the words continue to offer narratives of the pharaoh's divine lineage, his notable accomplishments, and religious chants expected to aid him in his journey to the afterlife.
