The Sword Collection, located at the Museum of Islamic Art, Cairo, represents an extensive range of swords from the 7th to the 19th centuries, showcasing the development and progression of Islamic craftsmanship. The collection includes a variety of swords of different designs, sizes, and origins.
A notable 7th-century sword features Kufic script inscriptions, indicative of the Umayyad period's sword-making tradition. This sword, made of Damascus steel, is renowned for its unique, wave-like patterns commonly associated with this material.
The chronological order of the collection provides insight into the evolution of sword design. For instance, the simplistic design of an early Islamic-period sword contrasts distinctly with a 16th-century Ottoman kilij. The latter is adorned with gold inlay and Arabic calligraphy, reflecting the era's emphasis on aesthetics in addition to function.
Further, a 9th-century 'sayf' or double-edged straight sword reveals cross-cultural influences, particularly from Byzantine and Persian cultures. The hilt, created from intricately carved walrus ivory and adorned with precious gemstones and metals, suggests that the sword was owned by someone of high social rank.
Additionally, a 15th-century Mameluke sword, potentially of Egyptian origin, includes detailed ornamentation that intertwines motifs from nature with geometric shapes and Arabic inscriptions. This form of decoration exemplifies the Mamluk society's use of swords as markers of status, authority, and religiosity.
