This sarcophagus housed at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, is an Egyptian artifact from the Old Kingdom's 5th Dynasty, dating between the mid-25th and mid-24th century BCE. As a distinguished specimen of antiquated craftsmanship, it consists of a single piece of limestone, primarily gray, carved into a rectangular shape with dimensions of approximately 105.4 cm by 46.4 cm by 46.4 cm. The sarcophagus features a separate, flat lid with detailed reliefs.
Covering the surface of the artifact are carefully carved hieroglyphic inscriptions, which are present on both the sides and lid. The inscriptions consist chiefly of funerary spells, intended to navigate the soul's journey to the afterlife. These inscriptions hold considerable historical value as they represent the oldest known version of the 'Book of Two Ways,' a document considered to provide guidance to the afterlife in ancient Egyptian culture.
The sarcophagus also displays a comprehensive biography of the owner, a man of esteemed positions - royal seal bearer, sole companion, and overseer of the Manicurists. Refined carvings on the limestone seen on the artifact depict scenes of daily life featuring the owner and his wife engaging in meals, rituals, and receiving offerings.
Despite its considerable age, the artifact's physical condition remains in good state with minor indications of wear and usage, and no severe damage has been noted. The preserved tone of the limestone sustains the original color and material perception to viewers.
